Glossopharyngeal insufflation causes lung injury in trained breath-hold divers.
Chung SC, Seccombe LM, Jenkins CR, Frater CJ, Ridley LJ, Peters MJ.
Department of Thoracic Medicine, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background and objective: Glossopharyngeal insufflation (GI) is a technique practised by competitive breath-hold divers to enhance their performance. Using the oropharyngeal musculature, air is pumped into the lungs to increase the lung volume above physiological TLC. Experienced breath-hold divers can increase their lung volumes by up to 3 L. Although the potential for lung injury is evident, there is limited information available. The aim of this study was to examine whether there is any evidence of lung injury following GI, independent of diving. Methods: Six male, competitive breath-hold divers were studied. CT of the thorax was performed during breath-holding at supramaximal lung volumes following GI (CT(GI)), and subsequently at baseline TLC (CT(TLC)). CT scans were performed a minimum of 3 days apart. Images were analysed for evidence of pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax by investigators who were blinded to the procedure. Results: None of the subjects showed symptoms or signs of pneumomediastinum. However, in five of six subjects a pneumomediastinum was detected during the CT(GI). In three subjects a pneumomediastinum was detected on the CT(GI), but had resolved by the time of the CT(TLC). In two subjects a pneumomediastinum was seen on both the CT(GI) and the CT(TLC), and these were larger on the day that a maximal GI manoeuvre had been performed. The single subject, in whom a pneumomediastinum was not detected, was demonstrated separately to not be proficient at GI. Conclusions: Barotrauma was observed in breath-hold divers who increased their lung volumes by GI. The long-term effects of this barotrauma are uncertain and longitudinal studies are required to assess cumulative lung damage.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20546194

v skratke u 5 zo 6 napackovanych nasli pod CTckom unik vzduchu z pluc (barotrauma). ten jeden u ktoreho to nenasli, nevedel poriadne packovat. dalsi argument pre FRC potapanie....

nevedel pakovat. Dalsia ohrozena skupina su trubkari, co musia zahrat take dlhe veci, ze tiez pakuju. Od nich sme to prebrali, ze ? Zase s FRC moc zaleko nezafrcis. Bo keby ze hej, tak by Fattah v tom stale pokracoval.

hej mame to od dychovych hudobnikov, no ti urcite nerobia 30-50 packov. toto su pomerne cerstve informacie. inak erik udajne "stale 99% potapania robi na FRC+2L" ale ten jeho odskok od FRC ma tiez prekvapil. hold 100m je neodolatelny skalp . suhlasim s tym, ze nenapackovany nedas taku hlbku (alebo statiku) ako napakovany. no len je dobre aby ludia vedeli, co sa vtedy s nimi deje a ze su tam (podla mna) vyznamne rizika. teda cim platia za tu dodatocnu hlbku ci cas.
no sam dufam ze sa pomylili a ze niekto takyto experiment este urobi....
otazka este je, aku ulohu zohravaju tie natrhnute alveoli, kade ten vzduch unikol pri tom co sa dnes nazyva lung squeez.....

Asi to nebude az taka sranda. Asi sme kazdy na tom inak, ale riziko tu je. Prezeral som na DB fore k tomuto vlakno a boli tam spomenute 2 pripady docasneho ochrnutia freedivera v priebehu dynama: http://forums.deeperblue.com/freediving-science/86940-packing-gi-causes-lung-injury-trained-breath-hold-divers-2.html

A ked si este k tomu pripocitame ovela vyssie riziko squeezu, tak treba fakt s tym asi opatrne.

A ked napakujes napriklad len 5-6 pakov, tak sa ti tiez moze mieco stat?

podla mna je tam zanedbatelna pravdepodobnost. tych par packov totiz niektorym ludom iba roztiahne pluca na naozaj plny nadych. ale urcite by som bol opatrny na prudke pohyby pri strecovani s plnym nadychom. a robit strecing naplno napackovany je asi zly napad.

Tak tak, presne ako pise majster . Nemal si byt uz na Marine ?

jooj, nakoniec som nesla... ale mrzelo ma to... Ale uz by som bola v takom financnom minuse,ze neviem neviem
No nic,dobre mi aj tu. Budem packovat len tak trosku ako vzdy